For backyard horseshoe pits, 36 by 48 inches is a typical size. You should have a backer board to catch the shoes and keep sand contained. Red and blue horseshoes lie at the ready in this lawn horsehoe pit. The maximum horseshoe "pit" dimensions are 36"x72" and the remaining space is divided into two equal sized pitching platforms, one on each side of the pit. Those stakes should sit within a box thatwhile at least 31 by 43 inchesmeasures no larger than 36 by 72 inches. The maximum dimensions of the pit area are 72 inches in length and 36 inches in width. Those stakes should sit within a box that—while at least 31 by 43 inches—measures no larger than 36 by 72 inches. At the beginning of the twentieth century,. Common horseshoe pit dimensions for backyard play is 36 by 48 inches. Posted by FRRYKid on Tuesday, July 4, 2023 3:00 AM. According to the national horseshoe pitchers’ association, the dimension of a horseshoe pit should be no less than 31×43 inches and no bigger than 36 x 72 inches. Multiples of 3 ft. As usual any ideas woud be most welcomed. The City of McAlester Parks and Recreation Department recently installed two regulation size horseshoe pits in the city’s Chadick Park. Those stakes should sit within a box that—while at least 31 by 43 inches—measures no larger than 36 by 72 inches. Summer Backyard. It shall not exceed 7 5/8 inches in length. A new 40 ft (12 m) pit was built by President George H. A horseshoe pit should be 40 feet long and 10 feet wide, with the two stakes set 40 feet apart at opposite ends of the pit. The Pit: May vary in size, though horseshoe regulations call for a minimum of 31 by 43 inches and a maximum of 36 by 72 inches. Use measuring tape to ensure that the distance between the stakes is 40 feet for regulation play and 30 feet for recreational play. The NHPA strives to promote and organize the sport and to standardize the rules, equipment and playing procedures. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. If you want to play a regulation game, you need to have the proper measurements. Sports Rules. The distance between the horseshoe stakes is 40ft measured end to end at the bottom of the exposed stake. Horseshoes Pit Dimensions Horseshoes How To National Events Kansas Hall of Fame KHPA Website Regional Directors for the NHPA NHPA photo of the week Free NHPA Software Sunflower Games Web Site. Those stakes should sit within a box that—while at least 31 by 43 inches—measures no larger than 36 by 72 inches. Should be at least one foot high and extend the width of the pit. VIDEO 4. Jul 7, 2014 - Explore RICH G's board "Horseshoe Pit Design Ideas" on Pinterest. Check-in 30 minutes prior to start time. 2023 Tournaments. VIDEO 4. Step FOUR – Hammering in the Stakes. Join Us at Gage Park Horseshoe Courts Our weekly Monday Evening League is FREE and does NOT require KHPA membership. The horseshoe pit needs to be at least 43 inches long. Pitching Schedule. Horseshoe pit perspective drawing. Measure. Also,what are the official dimensions of a horseshoe pit? Pits are constructed 31 to 36 inches wide and 43 to 72 inches deep. Horseshoes Pit Dimensions Horseshoes How To National Events Kansas Hall of Fame KHPA Website Regional Directors for the NHPA NHPA photo of the week Free NHPA Software Sunflower Games Web Site. Besides here in NJ, we have plants in IL, MS, TX & AZ. Shop Wayfair for the best portable horseshoe pit. Playing horseshoes can be done with one pit or even without a pit. Learn how to set up a pit to play the popular outdoor game of horseshoes from an expert ringer and backyard horseshoes champ in this free outdoor games video. The horseshoe stake, which is the metal pin that players attempt to wrap the horseshoes around, must also be placed 40 feet from the back of the pit. united b737-300 internal dimensions. Junior flyer. The. The pitching area should typically be marked on either side of the pit as a 2-foot-wide. . Tools us. A “regulation” horseshoe pit requires stakes to be exactly 40 feet apart. rev scale: 1:8 weight: unless otherwise specified: car 6/25/08 base assembly plywood sheet 2 of 4 bapw. Sep 13, 2021 - Explore Sandy Sandoval's board "Horse shoe pit" on Pinterest. RealFact #832 from Snapple. These stages should fit in a box that is at least 31/43 inches. Horseshoe pits must have a minimum depth of 4 inches. For backyard horseshoe pits, 36 by 48 inches is a typical size. Jul 31, 2020 - Explore Kellysw's board "Horseshoe pit dimensions" on Pinterest. ) 2. Stakes are 1" in diameter and are made of steel, wood or hard plastic. Using a hammer, plant the stake in the ground leaving 18″ of the stake above ground. On each side of the horseshoe pit, there is a pitching platform. It is roughly the same size as a #80 drill bit for reference. The horseshoe pit is usually 36 by 48 inches in size. What is the official size of a horseshoe pit? Pits are constructed 31 to 36 inches wide and 43 to 72 inches deep. 2. W. RULE 1- COURT LAYOUT (Single court layout - jpg) SECTION A - PERMANENT GROUND LEVEL COURTS. Lacrosse Field Dimensions; Lacrosse Game History; Lacrosse Game Rules; Lacrosse How to Play; PICKLEBALL. ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLEWITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF National Horseshoe Pitcher's Association IS PROHIBITED. The Cost of Building a DIY Horseshoe Pit. In a “regulation” pit, horseshoe pit dimensions require stakes be exactly 40 feet apart. 1 800 272 0441 ASK FOR LISA OR BRUCE OR SEND EMAIL INQUIRIES TO. BEST TABLETOP: AZ Patio Heaters Outdoor Tabletop Patio Heater. W. Yard Games. If the pit is less than the maximum dimensions, the extra space shall be filled with the same material of which the platforms are made and shall be level with the pit and platforms. Horseshoe stakes are 1 inch in diameter made from C. The horseshoe pit, when measured from inside, must be a minimum of 43 inches long, but should not exceed 72 inches. The pit: Refers to the rectangular area around the stake, which is around 3×6 feet in size, with the stake in the middle. horseshoes Pit and pitching platforms. id od pipe dimensions. Horseshoes is a classic game that is fun for the whole family. You should not use sideboards around the pits. Here’s a diagram showing you what it should look like. Shop. Tyler Ven Boy's State Champion . Senior Men shall pitch from on or behind the full-distance platforms and shall observe the thirty-seven-foot (37’) foul line. VIDEO 9. Common Horseshoe Pit Dimensions According to the NHPA (National Horseshoe Pitchers Association), the pit should be no less than 31×43 inches and not. Next, fill your boxes with dirt. Have 3 recommendations. The rectangle is formed from these cut lengths. BEST WOOD PELLET: Solo Stove Tower Patio Heater. 3. R. The second player then does the same thing. The official dimensions of a horseshoe pit are as follows: the pit should measure 6 feet long, 4 feet wide, and between 6 and 8 inches deep. If you have an open space in your yard, you can consider following the legal dimensions of a horseshoe pit. PLAYING RULES This section explains the playing rules of horseshoes and may specify a general or specific penalty for violations . VIDEO 3. Herein,how deep should a horseshoe pit be? Pits are constructed 31 to 36 inches wide and 43 to 72 inches deep. Apr 20, 2016 - Explore Bonnie Rogers's board "Horseshoe pit dimensions" on Pinterest. Horseshoes is the kind the game that's fun in the whole family, but it's doesn always easy to find a place to play. Our weekly Wednsday Evening League does require the KHPA membership. Sep 16, 2023 - Explore Arlan Sheetz's board "hourse shoe pits" on Pinterest. The pitching platforms must be level with the top of the pit. These specifications are detailed in Section B, below. A cornhole court is the total playing area surrounding the cornhole boards and pitch boxes. The dimensions of a horseshoe pit directly impact the game’s fairness, safety, and overall enjoyment. A standard horseshoe pit is usually around 4 feet by 40 feet, so that would require around 160 bags of sand. A regulation size cornhole court is 8 feet wide and 40 feet long and should have a vertical clearance of at least twelve feet high. It is roughly the same size as a #80 drill bit for reference. Building Your Own Backyard Horseshoe Court. You can make only one box, but horseshoes technically involves two boxes: one for stakes and one for pitching. For Texas dimensions. Za'Kiyah Arbogast Cadet's State Champion. The final video in Exma. The pitching boxes should be perpendicular to the 40 foot baseline, with the back of the box being 22 feet from the front of the box. Gather your materials. Playground Ideas. "The only stupid question is the unasked question. Horseshoes is a lawn game played between two people or two teams. See more ideas about horseshoe pit, backyard games, backyard fun. The pits' frames are rectangles constructed from 4x4 posts of lumber. Those stakes should sit within a box that—while at least 31 by 43 inches—measures no larger than 36 by 72 inches. Here are some expert tips to help you build the perfect horseshoe pit: Dimensions Matter. A “regulation” horseshoe pit requires stakes to be exactly 40 feet apart. July 14th, Friday Nite World Tournament Warm-up, 6 pm, $10 Day of entry allowed. Today only am sharing all about fraud to build a Horseshoe pit in your backyard ItHO Horseshoe Pit. Newcomers are always welcome. The stakes extend 4" above the surface and are perpendicular to the surface. Position the stakes 36 inches (91 cm) from the front edge of the frames and sink them to a depth of 21–22 inches (53–56 cm) using a sledgehammer. Create the square piece of plywood to fit beneath the square frame. 3. jpg (730×446) Apr 24, 2015 - Horseshoe_CourtConstruction. Sep 16, 2019 - I’ve been asked by a few viewers to provide some more details of my backyard horseshoe pit design so tonight I took some time to enhance the sketchup model some and provide a couple of shots which include dimensions. Measure and mark the dimensions of your pit (standard horseshoe pits are 40 feet by 12 feet) Excavate the area to a depth of 4 to 6 inches; Remove any rocks, roots, or debris within the excavated area; Compact the. Learn how to set up a pit to play the popular outdoor game of horseshoes from an expert ringer and backyard horseshoes champ in this free outdoor games video. 1. The objective is to throw horseshoes at stakes driven into the ground, which are typically placed 40 feet apart. Wednsday Sanctioned (Annual Fee is $33 Adult / $7 Junior) Beginners of any age & Experienced Players 5:45 PM - 8:30 PM Gage Park Courts April - October, Results below: Congratulations to Larry Collette - Selected as the 2019 National League Director of. HO Horseshoe Pit. Court & Field Dimension Diagrams in 3D, History, Rules – SportsKnowHow. 6. VIDEO 5. Just go to your local Home Depot or Lowe's and pick up everything you need in one easy trip. Distance between stakes is 40 feet. Now that you know what it takes to build a horseshoe pit, grab your horseshoe set, get concepts into action, and. united b737-300 internal dimensions. The classic game, in which players try to land a ring tied on a string on a hook tied to a central post and a ladder, and can either be used to play games like Ring toss, corn hole, flip cup and more or as a separate. VIDEO 4. No horseshoe can exceed seven and one-quarter inches (7-1/4”) in width or seven and five-eighths inches (7-5/8”) in length. The game’s object is to toss all four horseshoes and have them land as close to the stake as possible. The pin should lean slightly forward. Depending on the size of the horseshoe court, the pitching platform can be 18 to 20 inches (45 – 50 cm) wide and 6 feet (1. Horseshoe Pit & Quoit Pit Clay. 9am Singles, 1pm Doubles, For doubles we can match up partners or you can register with a partner on-line by July 1st or day of event, if event is not full. PIT SUBSTANCE - Clay. FIELD Court Dimensions; Sports History; Sports How ToJoin Us at Gage Park Horseshoe Courts Our weekly Monday Evening League is FREE and does NOT require KHPA membership. The measurements of each brand, however, are based on the length and width of a horse’s hoof. But it’s not as easy as it sounds. Horseshoe Pit Dimensions Backyard. Drill and countersink holes in the full horseshoe for mounting with wood screws. Assembly Required: No; Overall: 7'' H. Anyone a little older knows the idiom, but, they might need to learn that exact and official horseshoe pit dimensions matter to players. You have a bit less wiggle room in width since the pit should be 31-36 inches wide. Danyelle Russell Girl's State ChampionWhen autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Horseshoe Pitchers Wanted Topeka Horseshoe Association Leagues:The Horseshoe Pit Shelter at the south end of Skagit River Park sits adjacent to one of the region's largest collection of horseshoe pits. Hoof Pick. The set includes 4 official size and weight cast iron horseshoes and 2 solid forged steel stakes 20". VIDEO 8. 2. The stakes should sit within a box that is at least 31 by 43 inches and measures no larger. 1 The Playing Area for a single quoit court with one set of pits should encompass a flat, rectangular piece of ground with minimum dimensions of 30 feet in length and 10 feet in width. July 8th Sunflower NonSanc, Sat. 14 Insanely Awesome Backyard Games to DIY Right Now. The following sections will elaborate on why. Over time, rule changes allowed "pit" dimensions to be reduced to as little as 31"x43" (probably to minimize the amount of pit fill material to maintain). For a few years in the mid 1990’s the league expanded to include teams in the United States. Build a Backstop. On a parallel line 3/4 inch from a straightedge touching the points of the shoe, the The horseshoe pit needs to be at least 43 inches long. Home of 3D Soccer Court Dimension Diagrams, Soccer History, Soccer RulesWatch for the 2023 Tournament Schedule. All to NHPA regulations. Horseshoe Pits. Step ONE – Cutting the Pressure Treated Posts. Drive a metal stake into the center of each pit. Quoit Court Layout. How to pitch horseshoesWhere can you buy gray horseshoe pit clay? Hugh Zinobile 11896 Clayspur Road, Shirleysburg, Pa. 2023 Tournaments. No fee to enter. For a backyard horseshoe pit, the ideal and commonly used dimension is 36×48 inches. Categories: Horse. Learn how to build a horseshoe pit for entertainment and fun in your backyard. The Yosemite High student worked every day for a week, aided and coached by YLOA Director Doug Dorsey, to renovate the pits on the. Modern games use a more stylized U-shaped bar, about twice the size of an actual horseshoe. Clear and level out a flat space large enough for the regulation size horseshoe pit with stakes 40 feet apart. Bokeh. The court’s length specifications should be as follows: The distance between the backboard and the pitcher’s box should be 1 foot. The Horseshoe Pit Backstop. World Market Tyson Six Piece Pit Sectional. Stakes should be placed inside a box that measures at least 31 by 43. 1 Materials & Tools The Home Depot offers horseshoe sets with several color combinations and many team logos, so you can choose red or blue, or even represent your favorite team while you compete for backyard bragging rights. Step 3: Building your horseshoe pit frame. Enjoy Free Shipping on most stuff, even big stuff. But it’s not as easy as it sounds. Be sure to center the backstop on the pit. No fee to enter. I used three 2×6’s cut at 36” and toe nailed together. Horseshoe stakes in a sandbox area. THE SPORT OF HORSESHOE PITCHING. That's not all. tape measure and mason's string to mark out one leg of the triangle. Fill the extra space around the pit with a surface material such as sand or dirt. In a “regulation” pit, horseshoe pit dimensions require stakes be exactly 40 feet apart. Coat Rack. National Horseshoe Pitchers Association regulations specify: "The "Pitchers Box" has fixed 72"x72" dimensions. The 0PONYB is a size 0, 1/4″ thick, general purpose horseshoe. The overall area of the horseshoe pit, which consists of the playing area, is a 48 feet x 6 feet rectangular area. 50 per game. Suspendisse potenti. VIDEO 2 . My deprecatively decaffeinates with ratu lala. Create the square piece of plywood to fit beneath the square frame. BEST PROPANE: Hampton Bay 48,000 BTU Stainless Steel Patio Heater. Use a power drill to ensure that the ends are firmly locked together. The shape and size of an official shuffleboard court should be 39 feet by 6 feet, respectively. The score is calculated and both players switch to the other end for the next inning. Posted by FRRYKid on Tuesday, July 4, 2023 3:00 AM. Standard horseshoe pit dimensions are generally 36 x 48 inches. The first step in building the pits is to create the base. "The only stupid question is the unasked question. Generally, you should plan for one bag of sand per square foot of pit. Jul 7, 2014 - Explore RICH G's board "Horseshoe Pit Design Ideas" on Pinterest. Mark the dimensions of each pit location with stakes and landscaping twine. July 14th, Friday Nite World Tournament Warm-up, 6 pm, $10 Day of entry allowed. The cup is placed 31 inches from the front of the pit. Step ONE – Cutting the Pressure Treated Posts. Measure at the bottom of your exposed stake. Before doing anything, take some time to warm up to ensure good coordination of the muscles. Horseshoe Pitchers Wanted Topeka Horseshoe Association Leagues:Each horseshoe pit is approximately 40 feet from one another each diy horseshoe pit is 48 long by 42 wide by 12 high. Those stakes should be placed in a box that measures no more than 36 by 72 inches and measures at least 31 by 43 inches. It is distinguished from the finer opus vermiculatum which used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimetres or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued. Today. Summer Backyard. The length of the horseshoe court is built up as follows: 1. Pergola Ideas. The wider the pit, the narrower the pitching platforms. To use the right horseshoe pit dimensions, the distance between poles (stakes) should be 40 feet from end to end. Over time, rule changes allowed "pit" dimensions to be reduced to as little as 31"x43" (probably to minimize the amount of pit fill material to maintain). All horseshoes are packaged and sold in matched-weighted single pairs (2 shoes) of the same color. The games of horseshoes and quoits are closely related. concrete septic game. The maximum "pit" dimensions are 36"x72" and the remaining space is divided into two equal sized pitching platforms, one on each side of the pit. Equipment. The dimensions of a horseshoe pit directly impact the game’s fairness, safety, and overall enjoyment. HORSESHOE COURT LAYOUT NOTE: STAKE PLACEMENT MAY BE DONE IN A 5 GAL. Step TWO – Nailing the pressure treated beams together with galvanized nails. The first World Horseshoe Tournament was held in Bronson, Kansas in 1909. 4' ish square with a backstop. Lucrecia. HORSESHOE CANADA ASSOCIATION. Horseshoe pit dimensions require stakes to be exactly 40 feet apart in a “regulatory” pit. Within the box, space is divided into three major areas. HO Horseshoe Pit. The pit is filled with sand, clay, sawdust or any other material that will minimize the pitched horseshoes bouncing. For this backyard version of the game the horseshoe pit dimensions are 30 inches across and 48 inches long. Fire grates also protect the. Cut wooden planks to the widths and lengths required to cover the portion of the 6-by-6 foot square not occupied by the pit. 4. Happily, thou can put united ampere regulation-style pit in your own backyard using only an few inexpensive materials. VIDEO 3. , are fine. I used landscape timbers and stakes to create the frame and backerboard Dig out the space for the frame, making it lower than ground. July 8th Sunflower NonSanc, Sat. The stake should be placed 36″ from the front of each frame. Junior flyer. " Brain waves can power an electric train. The 10-scoring zone, 3 feet tall, is the highest point on the scoring triangle. To use the right horseshoe pit dimensions, the distance between poles (stakes) should be 40 feet from end to end. VIDEO 2 . Our GaGa Ball Pits come in white as the standard color but custom colors can be requested for an additional cost. Pickleball Court Dimensions; Pickleball History; Pickleball How To Play; Pickleball Rules; RUGBY. What’s the official size of a horseshoe pit? Pits are constructed 31 to 36 inches wide and 43 to 72 inches deep. W. These dimensions will allow the horseshoe to fit snugly in the box, leaving minimal extra space at the top. Jul 11, 2022 - Rather than going out and finding a suitable pitch to play in, why not build your own horseshoe pit in your lawn. Horseshoe Pit Details. However, when playing horseshoe competitively, the pits are filled with 8 inches of sand. Two stakes in the back help to hold it in place. Another option is making the boards from scratch. The width of a horseshoe should be 7 ¼” and the length 7 ⅝”. It would help if you were in a large open place with even ground or had trouble. For backyard play, the common horseshoe pit dimensions are 36 by 48 inches. " Brain waves can power an electric train. Common horseshoe pit dimensions for backyard play is 36 by 48 inches. Use Rubberific 16x16 pavers! Simple DIY Outdoor Horseshoes Game Pit We like to spend time in our Backyard with friends and wanted to add a horseshoes pit to our game selection. They just have to within those parameters. Those stakes should be contained inside a box that is at least 31 by 43 inches but no more than 36 by 72 inches in total size. Apr 20, 2016 - Explore Bonnie Rogers's board "Horseshoe pit dimensions" on Pinterest. Adding a fun recreational activity into one’s backyard is a goal of many homeowners across the US. Regular league play for the Skagit Valley Horseshoe Club takes place Tuesdays 5:30 PM to 8:30 PM, April through October. OFFICIAL SIZE AND WEIGHT HORSESHOES, Look no further for an official size set. It really sucks going after a rogue shoe — especially one that’s lost in the bushes, so a backstop is a great way to prevent those troubles. Over time, rule changes. These dimensions are fixed and cannot be altered. Step 1: Measure for the Pitching Platform. There are plenty of possibilities when it comes to the type of wood you. Posted by FRRYKid on Tuesday, July 4, 2023 3:00 AM. So yes, we can design your pit in a variety of sizes so that it fits appropriately into your existing landscaping. Horseshoe pit dimensions are maximum 36 inches wide and 72 inches deep, and minimum 31 inches wide and 43 inches deep. The object of the game is to pitch the horseshoe so that it comes to rest encircling the stake. Mar 26, 2014 - See 3D Horseshoe Pit Dimension Diagrams, Size, Measurements. How to pitch horseshoesLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. More in the paragraphs below. Common horseshoe pit dimensions for backyard play is 36 by 48 inches. com Primary Menu Skip to content . Get the build plans from Housefulofhandmade. The distance between the horseshoe stakes is 40ft measured end to end at the bottom of the exposed stake. Save more with clearance deals. According to the National Horseshoe Pitchers Association (NHPA), the official horseshoe pit dimensions are a thin 40 foot long strip of level ground that is 3 feet wide. From there, measure out two 36" W x 48" L areas, facing each other. Loaner horseshoes are available. The amount of bags of sand you will need for a horseshoe pit depends on the size of the pit and how thick you want the sand to be. Nimitz in 1946. Horseshoes is definitely one of my favorites. VIDEO 5. #horseshoesgame | Horseshoe pit. Bring personality—and a healthy dose of competition—to your next backyard get-together with a horseshoe pit and Hook & Ring Toss game. The object of the game is to pitch the horseshoe so that it comes to rest encircling the stake; failing in that, it comes to rest within six inches of the stake. You should have a sand pit of the correct dimensions. 2002 saturn wagon dimensions. 2021 Horseshoe Tournaments at Gage Park ($10 entry fee): Note, NHPA Card is required for those tournaments in bold and Wed league, (Mon 6pm Free) Mar 6, Sat Topeka Early Spring Open $10, 1pm call Larry 785-456-50012019 Horseshoe Tournaments at Gage Park ($10 entry fee): Note, NHPA Card is required for those tournaments in bold and Wed league, (Mon 6pm Free) Mar 17, Sun Topeka Early Spring Open $10, 1pm call Larry 785-456-5001, Click for - Results - PhotosDig a pit in the center of the pitching box that measures between 72 and 43 inches long and between 36 and 31 inches wide, with a depth of approximately 8 inches. Please plan to be at the courts at least 30 minutes prior to start time. Bush playing horseshoes at the White House horseshoe pit in 1992. Senior Women may pitch from any place on the extended or full-distance platforms and shall observe the twenty-seven-foot (27’) foul line. Generally, the back line should be 40 feet from the center stake. The pitcher’s box should be situated 21 feet from the stakes at. Horseshoe stakes are 1 inch in diameter made from C. VIDEO 7. For instance, some brands’ smallest size is a 00, or double ought, and others’ may be a size 3. In a “regulation” pit, horseshoe pit dimensions require stakes be exactly 40 feet apart. This sofa has a very smooth and streamlined look without giving up the comfort of a traditional sofa. The choice of the first pitch to start the game is decided by the toss of a shoe or coin. HO Horseshoe Pit. Step by Step Instructions for How to Build a Horseshoe Pit. A game is divided into innings, and each contestant pitches two shoes in each inning. Horseshoe pitching tournaments normally have “class” sizes of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 16 pitchers. VIDEO 4. The dimensions of a horseshoe box can vary depending on the size of the horseshoe itself. Place the 4×4 in the deeper trench in the horseshoe pit. 3. HORSESHOE PITCHING (aka The RGS Book) Published by The National Horseshoe Pitchers Association (NHPA) (Revised on January 1, 2021) I. It shall not weigh more than 2 pounds, 10 ounces. A cornhole court is the total playing area surrounding the cornhole boards and pitch boxes. Pinterest.